| | can / may / possible / able to / not bad / pretty good | HSK 2 |
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| | before / formerly / previous / ago | HSK 2 |
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| | after / later / afterwards / following / later on / in the future | HSK 2 |
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| | that level or lower / that amount or less / the following | HSK 2 |
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| | therefore / as a result / so / the reason why | HSK 2 |
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| | apart from / other than / except for / external / outside of / on the other side of / beyond | HSK 2 |
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| | that level or higher; that amount or more / the above-mentioned / (used to indicate that one has completed one's remarks) That is all. | HSK 2 |
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| | to think (i.e. to take it to be true that ...) (Usually there is an implication that the notion is mistaken – except when expressing one's own current opinion.) | HSK 2 |
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| | since (a previous event) | HSK 3 |
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| | within / less than | HSK 4 |
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| | and; as well as | HSK 4 |
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| | in addition / moreover / (used before a disyllabic verb to indicate that the action of the verb is applied to sth or sb previously mentioned) / to apply (restrictions etc) to (sb) / to give (support, consideration etc) to (sth) | HSK 5 |
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| | able to / so that sb can / enabling / in order to / finally in a position to / with sth in view | HSK 5 |
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| | hard to (predict, imagine etc) | HSK 5 |
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| | so that / so as to / in order to | HSK 5 |
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| | in the past; formerly | HSK 5 |
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| | sufficient to... / so much so that / so that | HSK 6 |
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| | to use / by means of / according to / in order to / because of / at (a certain date or place) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | | HSK 7-9 |
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| | | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to give / to impose / to apply | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to do at all costs / to make an all-out effort | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to pursue unremittingly (idiom); to persevere | HSK 7-9 |
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| | night and day (idiom); continuous strenuous effort | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to believe oneself infallible (idiom) / to be opinionated | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (after a noun N and before a predicate P) the reason why N P / Example: 我之所以討厭他｜我之所以讨厌他 "the reason why I dislike him (is ...)" | HSK 7-9 |
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| | in order to avoid / so as not to | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to have one's wish fulfilled | HSK 7-9 |
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| | down to / up to / to the extent that... | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (idiom) hard to believe; incredible | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to such an extent as to / down to / up to | HSK 7-9 |
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| | not to accept as correct (idiom); to object / to disapprove / to take exception to | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to set an example (idiom); to serve as a model | HSK 7-9 |
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| | from now on / henceforward | HSK 7-9 |
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| | for a long time | HSK 7-9 |
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| | | |
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| | to the east of (suffix) | |
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| | to guard against the unexpected (idiom); just in case / prepared for any eventualities | |
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| | Israel | |
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| | (loanword) ether (hypothetical medium that transmits light waves) | |
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| | to label / to call | |
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| | to the north of (suffix) | |
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| | to the west of (suffix) | |
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| | in order to / hoping to / attempting to / waiting for | |
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| | in order to / so as to | |
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| | (so as) to avoid / to prevent / (just) in case | |
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| | and so on / in a similar fashion | |
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| | in order to | |
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| | to express / to present / to extend / to tender (greetings, thanks etc) | |
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| | (math.) divided by | |
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| | (idiom) (of a principle, purpose etc) consistently upheld; adhered to from beginning to end | |
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| | with this / thereby / thus / because of this | |
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| | (literary) why / how | |
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| | diligent and tireless (idiom) | |
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| | down to / up to / to such an extent as to ... / also written 以至於｜以至于 | |
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| | to give / to grant | |
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| | to treat sth lightly; to lower one's guard | |
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| | to the south of (suffix) | |
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| | not to mind / unconcerned | |
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| | to learn from history (idiom) | |
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| | by way of / to serve as | |
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| | to snort disdainfully / to scoff at / to turn up one's nose | |
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| | to take sth as a warning (idiom) / to draw a lesson from a case where things turned out badly | |
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| | to use one's position for personal gain (idiom) | |
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| | to be strict with oneself (idiom) / to demand a lot of oneself | |
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|
| | lit. (of fish) to moisten each other with spittle (when out of the water) (idiom) / fig. to share meager resources and support each other in times of difficulty | |
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| | lit. to yearn for sth even in one's dreams (idiom) / fig. to deeply long for; to covet | |
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| | to punish according to the law / to bring to justice | |
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| | to be too embarrassed to mention sth (idiom) / to find it hard to speak about sth | |
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| | to take sth to be true | |
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| | to sit and wait for death (idiom); resigned to one's fate | |
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| | to be left speechless / unable to respond | |
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| | accustomed to / used to | |
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| | to study sth in order to apply it | |
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| | tens of thousands / numerous | |
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| | using the few to defeat the many (idiom); to win from a position of weakness | |
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| | (lit.) to take a part for the whole / to generalize | |
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| | lit. to wipe one's eyes and wait (idiom); to wait and see | |
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| | so as to / for the purpose of / in order to | |
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| | using the weak to defeat the strong (idiom); to win from a position of weakness | |
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| | a tooth for a tooth (retaliation) | |
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| | to judge sb by appearances (idiom) | |
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| | to wait at one's ease for the exhausted enemy / to nurture one's strength and bide one's time (idiom) | |
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|
| | Mao Yisheng (1896-1989), Chinese structural engineer and social activist | |
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| | in the extreme (idiom) / incapable of further increase | |
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| | an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth (idiom) / fig. to use the enemy's methods against him / to give sb a taste of his own medicine | |
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| | a tiny lapse can lead to a huge mistake (idiom); a minor discrepancy leading to enormous losses | |
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| | the slightest difference leads to a huge error (idiom) / a miss is as good as a mile | |
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| | to be lenient with others (idiom) | |
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| | to provide work to relieve poverty | |
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| | hundreds of | |
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| | to bathe one's face in tears (idiom) | |
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| | to use softness to conquer strength (idiom) | |
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| | to reserve a seat / to leave a position vacant | |
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| | to be calm and unruffled in the midst of chaos or at a busy time (idiom) | |
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| | (idiom) since birth; for one's whole life | |
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| | to get carried away / to forget oneself | |
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| | to cure ills with poison (TCM) / to fight evil with evil / set a thief to catch a thief / to fight fire with fire | |
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| | to return good for evil (idiom) / to requite evil with good | |
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| | to challenge the law (idiom) / to knowingly violate the law | |
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