| | to strive for / to vie for / to argue or debate / deficient or lacking (dialect) / how or what (literary) | HSK 3 |
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| | to compete / competition | HSK 5 |
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| | a struggle / fight / battle | HSK 6 |
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| | to resist / to make a stand and fight (against) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to work hard for / to do all one can / to contend strongly | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to dispute | |
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| | to vie against one another / to fight each other / mutual aggression | |
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| | (idiom) to stand aloof from worldly affairs | |
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| | to contend on strong grounds / to argue strongly for what is right | |
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| | seize every minute and second (idiom); not a minute to lose / every moment counts | |
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| | argument / debate / controversy | |
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| | to fight desperately | |
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| | widely known / incontestable / undeniable / to not strive for / to not contend for | |
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| | class struggle | |
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| | Korean War (1950-1953) | |
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| | First Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) | |
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| | to argue / to dispute | |
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| | Vietnam War (1955-1975) | |
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| | the Opium Wars of 1840-1842 and 1860-1861 | |
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| | Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) | |
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| | (Persian) Gulf War | |
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| | Pacific War between Japan and the US, 1941-1945 | |
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| | (China's) War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945) | |
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| | market competition | |
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| | the war of 1904-1905 between Russia and Japan | |
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| | Chu-Han Contention (206-202 BC), power struggle between Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 of Han and Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 of Chu | |
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| | unfair competition / illicit competition | |
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| | war of independence | |
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| | the Yom Kippur war of October 1973 between Israel and her Arab neighbors | |
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| | war on terrorism | |
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| | civil war / internal struggle | |
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| | lit. two tigers fighting (idiom) / fig. fierce contest between evenly matched adversaries | |
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| | the three Punic Wars (264-146 BC) between Rome and Carthage | |
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| | war of aggression | |
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| | the Six-Day War of June 1967 between Israel and its Arab neighbors | |
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| | to dispute / to struggle for mastery | |
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| | war of 1920 between Northern Warlords, in which the Zhili faction beat the Anhui faction and took over the Beijing government | |
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| | Sino-French War (1883-1885) (concerning French seizure of Vietnam) | |
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| | people's war, military strategy advocated by Mao whereby a large number of ordinary citizens provide support in a campaign | |
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| | war of 1915 against Yuan Shikai and for the Republic | |
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| | term in TCM describing the progress of disease as an opposition between vital energy 正氣｜正气 and pathogeny 邪氣｜邪气 | |
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| | American War of Independence (1775-1783) | |
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| | lit. the ant fights, the snail contends (idiom); fig. petty squabbling | |
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| | first Manchu invasion of Korea (1627) | |
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| | succession struggle / dispute over inheritance | |
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| | second Manchu invasion of Korea (1636) | |
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| | Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) | |
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| | the Crimean War (1853-1856) | |
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| | internal power struggle | |
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| | Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) | |
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| | fair competition | |
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| | the Korean War (started June 25 1950) | |
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| | Anti-Rightist Movement, Mao's purge of "rightists" after the Hundred Flowers Campaign ended in 1957 | |
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| | to settle a dispute | |
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| | power struggle | |
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| | power struggle | |
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| | righteous struggle | |
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| | The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) | |
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| | direct competitor / direct competition | |
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| | confrontation of 1929 between Chiang Kaishek and the Guangxi warlord faction | |
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| | constant bickering and fighting (idiom); constantly at each other's throats / struggle for personal gain | |
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| | National Protection War or Campaign to Defend the Republic (1915), a rebellion against the installation of Yuan Shikai 袁世凱｜袁世凯 as emperor | |
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| | National protection war or Campaign to defend the republic (1915), a rebellion against the installation of Yuan Shikai as emperor | |
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