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Simplified Pīnyīn		English Definition	Traditional HSK
来 lái	来 \| 来* \| *来	to come / (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) / hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來｜回来) / ever since (as in 自古以來｜自古以来) / for the past (amount of time) / (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世｜来世) / (between two verbs) in order to / (after a round number) approximately / (used after 得 to indicate possibility, as in 談得來｜谈得来, or after 不 to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來｜吃不来)	來 HSK 1


自由 zìyóu	自由 \| 自由* \| *自由	freedom; liberty / free; unrestricted / CL: 種｜种	HSK 2


自己 zìjǐ	自己 \| 自己* \| *自己	oneself / one's own	HSK 2


来自 láizì	来自 \| 来自* \| *来自	to come from (a place) / From: (in email header)	來自 HSK 2


自行车 zìxíngchē	自行车 \| 自行车* \| *自行车	bicycle; bike / CL: 輛｜辆	自行車 HSK 2


大自然 dàzìrán	大自然 \| 大自然* \| *大自然	nature (the natural world)	HSK 2


各自 gèzì	各自 \| 各自* \| *各自	each / respective / apiece	HSK 3


自主 zìzhǔ	自主 \| 自主* \| *自主	independent / to act for oneself / autonomous	HSK 3


自觉 zìjué	自觉 \| 自觉* \| *自觉	to realize; to be aware of; to feel that; to be conscious of (sth relating to oneself) / responsible; predisposed to do the right thing; considerate of others	自覺 HSK 3


自动 zìdòng	自动 \| 自动* \| *自动	automatic / voluntarily	自動 HSK 3


自然 zìrán	自然 \| 自然* \| *自然	nature / natural / naturally	HSK 3


自身 zìshēn	自身 \| 自身* \| *自身	itself / oneself / one's own	HSK 3


自从 zìcóng	自从 \| 自从* \| *自从	since (a time) / ever since	自從 HSK 3


亲自 qīnzì	亲自 \| 亲自* \| *亲自	personally / in person / oneself	親自 HSK 3


自 zì	自 \| 自* \| *自	(bound form) self; oneself / from; since / naturally; as a matter of course	HSK 4


自信 zìxìn	自信 \| 自信* \| *自信	to have confidence in oneself / self-confidence	HSK 4


独自 dúzì	独自 \| 独自* \| *独自	alone	獨自 HSK 4


自愿 zìyuàn	自愿 \| 自愿* \| *自愿	voluntary	自願 HSK 5


自杀 zìshā	自杀 \| 自杀* \| *自杀	to kill oneself / to commit suicide / to attempt suicide	自殺 HSK 5


自豪 zìháo	自豪 \| 自豪* \| *自豪	proud (of one's achievements etc)	HSK 5


自我 zìwǒ	自我 \| 自我* \| *自我	self- / ego (psychology)	HSK 6


自学 zìxué	自学 \| 自学* \| *自学	self-study / to study on one's own	自學 HSK 6


自在 zìzai	自在 \| 自在* \| *自在	comfortable; at ease	HSK 6


自来水 zìláishuǐ	自来水 \| 自来水* \| *自来水	running water; tap water	自來水 HSK 6


自行 zìxíng	自行 \| 自行* \| *自行	voluntary / autonomous / by oneself / self-	HSK 7-9


出自 chūzì	出自 \| 出自* \| *出自	to come from	HSK 7-9


自尊 zìzūn	自尊 \| 自尊* \| *自尊	self-respect / self-esteem / ego / pride	HSK 7-9


擅自 shànzì	擅自 \| 擅自* \| *擅自	without permission	HSK 7-9


私自 sīzì	私自 \| 私自* \| *私自	private; personal / secretly; without explicit approval	HSK 7-9


自助 zìzhù	自助 \| 自助* \| *自助	self-service	HSK 7-9


自费 zìfèi	自费 \| 自费* \| *自费	at one's own expense / self-funded	自費 HSK 7-9


自卑 zìbēi	自卑 \| 自卑* \| *自卑	to have low self-esteem / to abase oneself	HSK 7-9


自发 zìfā	自发 \| 自发* \| *自发	spontaneous	自發 HSK 7-9


自力更生 zìlìgēngshēng	自力更生 \| 自力更生* \| *自力更生	regeneration through one's own effort (idiom) / self-reliance	HSK 7-9


自卫 zìwèi	自卫 \| 自卫* \| *自卫	to defend oneself / self-defense	自衛 HSK 7-9


自私 zìsī	自私 \| 自私* \| *自私	selfish / selfishness	HSK 7-9


自强不息 zìqiángbùxī	自强不息 \| 自强不息* \| *自强不息	to strive unremittingly / self-improvement	自強不息 HSK 7-9


自立 zìlì	自立 \| 自立* \| *自立	independent / self-reliant / self-sustaining / to stand on one's own feet / to support oneself	HSK 7-9


自信心 zìxìnxīn	自信心 \| 自信心* \| *自信心	self-confidence	HSK 7-9


自然而然 zìrán'érrán	自然而然 \| 自然而然* \| *自然而然	involuntary / automatically	HSK 7-9


独立自主 dúlìzìzhǔ	独立自主 \| 独立自主* \| *独立自主	independent and autonomous (idiom); self-determination / to act independently / to maintain control over one's own affairs	獨立自主 HSK 7-9


自责 zìzé	自责 \| 自责* \| *自责	to blame oneself	自責 HSK 7-9


自相矛盾 zìxiāngmáodùn	自相矛盾 \| 自相矛盾* \| *自相矛盾	to contradict oneself / self-contradictory / inconsistent	HSK 7-9


自以为是 zìyǐwéishì	自以为是 \| 自以为是* \| *自以为是	to believe oneself infallible (idiom) / to be opinionated	自以為是 HSK 7-9


自理 zìlǐ	自理 \| 自理* \| *自理	to take care of oneself / to provide for oneself	HSK 7-9


自如 zìrú	自如 \| 自如* \| *自如	unobstructed / unconstrained / smoothly / with ease / freely	HSK 7-9


不由自主 bùyóuzìzhǔ	不由自主 \| 不由自主* \| *不由自主	(idiom) can't help but; involuntarily	HSK 7-9


自私自利 zìsīzìlì	自私自利 \| 自私自利* \| *自私自利	everything for self and selfish profit (idiom); with no regard for others / selfish / mercenary	HSK 7-9


自称 zìchēng	自称 \| 自称* \| *自称	to call oneself / to claim to be / to profess / to claim a title	自稱 HSK 7-9


情不自禁 qíngbùzìjīn	情不自禁 \| 情不自禁* \| *情不自禁	(idiom) cannot refrain from; cannot help; cannot but	HSK 7-9


自始至终 zìshǐzhìzhōng	自始至终 \| 自始至终* \| *自始至终	from start to finish (idiom)	自始至終 HSK 7-9


自负 zìfù	自负 \| 自负* \| *自负	conceited / to take responsibility	自負 HSK 7-9


怡然自得 yíránzìdé	怡然自得 \| 怡然自得* \| *怡然自得	happy and content (idiom)	HSK 7-9


自由自在 zìyóuzìzài	自由自在 \| 自由自在* \| *自由自在	free and easy (idiom); carefree / leisurely	HSK 7-9


自尊心 zìzūnxīn	自尊心 \| 自尊心* \| *自尊心	self-respect / self-esteem / ego	HSK 7-9


自然界 zìránjiè	自然界 \| 自然界* \| *自然界	nature / the natural world	HSK 7-9


顺其自然 shùnqízìrán	顺其自然 \| 顺其自然* \| *顺其自然	to let nature take its course (idiom)	順其自然 HSK 7-9


自家 zìjiā	自家 \| 自家* \| *自家	oneself / one's own family


德宏 Déhóng	德宏 \| 德宏* \| *德宏	see 德宏傣族景頗族自治州｜德宏傣族景颇族自治州


甘孜 Gānzī	甘孜 \| 甘孜* \| *甘孜	see 甘孜藏族自治州 / see 甘孜縣｜甘孜县


格尔木 Gé'ěrmù	格尔木 \| 格尔木* \| *格尔木	Golmud or Ge'ermu city (Tibetan: na gor mo grong khyer) in Haixi Mongol and Tibetan autonomous prefecture 海西蒙古族藏族自治州, Qinghai	格爾木


西昌 Xīchāng	西昌 \| 西昌* \| *西昌	Xichang cosmodrome / Xichang, county-level city in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture 涼山彞族自治州｜凉山彝族自治州, south Sichuan


盈江 Yíngjiāng	盈江 \| 盈江* \| *盈江	Yingjiang county in Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture 德宏傣族景頗族自治州｜德宏傣族景颇族自治州, Yunnan


西藏 Xīzàng	西藏 \| 西藏* \| *西藏	see 西藏自治區｜西藏自治区


广西 Guǎngxī	广西 \| 广西* \| *广西	see 廣西壯族自治區｜广西壮族自治区	廣西


宁 Níng	宁 \| 宁* \| *宁	abbr. for Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 寧夏回族自治區｜宁夏回族自治区 / abbr. for Nanjing 南京 / surname Ning	寧


个 gě	个 \| 个* \| *个	used in 自個兒｜自个儿	個


兴义 Xīngyì	兴义 \| 兴义* \| *兴义	Xingyi city in Guizhou, capital of Qianxinan Buyei and Miao autonomous prefecture 黔西南布依族苗族自治州	興義


延吉 Yánjí	延吉 \| 延吉* \| *延吉	Yanji, county-level city, capital of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 延邊朝鮮族自治州｜延边朝鲜族自治州, Jilin


海南 Hǎinán	海南 \| 海南* \| *海南	see 海南省 / see 海南島｜海南岛 / see 海南區｜海南区 / see 海南藏族自治州


理县 Lǐ Xiàn	理县 \| 理县* \| *理县	Li County (Tibetan: li rdzong) in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture 阿壩藏族羌族自治州｜阿坝藏族羌族自治州, northwest Sichuan	理縣


自带 zìdài	自带 \| 自带* \| *自带	to bring one's own / BYO / (of software) preinstalled	自帶


新源 Xīnyuán	新源 \| 新源* \| *新源	Xinyuan County or Künes nahiyisi in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture 伊犁哈薩克自治州｜伊犁哈萨克自治州, Xinjiang


恩施 Ēnshī	恩施 \| 恩施* \| *恩施	see 恩施土家族苗族自治州 / see 恩施市


宁夏 Níngxià	宁夏 \| 宁夏* \| *宁夏	see 寧夏回族自治區｜宁夏回族自治区	寧夏


桂 Guì	桂 \| 桂* \| *桂	surname Gui / abbr. for Guangxi Autonomous Region 廣西壯族自治區｜广西壮族自治区


自慰 zìwèi	自慰 \| 自慰* \| *自慰	to console oneself / to masturbate / onanism / masturbation


凤凰 Fènghuáng	凤凰 \| 凤凰* \| *凤凰	Fenghuang County in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 湘西土家族苗族自治州	鳳凰


自燃 zìrán	自燃 \| 自燃* \| *自燃	spontaneous combustion


昌吉 Chāngjí	昌吉 \| 昌吉* \| *昌吉	see 昌吉回族自治州


自封 zìfēng	自封 \| 自封* \| *自封	to proclaim oneself (sth) / to give oneself the title of / self-appointed / self-styled / to limit oneself to / to isolate oneself


玉树 Yùshù	玉树 \| 玉树* \| *玉树	see 玉樹藏族自治州｜玉树藏族自治州	玉樹


自治 zìzhì	自治 \| 自治* \| *自治	autonomy


自上而下 zìshàng'érxià	自上而下 \| 自上而下* \| *自上而下	top-down


临夏 Línxià	临夏 \| 临夏* \| *临夏	see 臨夏回族自治州｜临夏回族自治州 / see 臨夏市｜临夏市 / see 臨夏縣｜临夏县	臨夏


瑞丽 Ruìlì	瑞丽 \| 瑞丽* \| *瑞丽	Ruili city in Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture 德宏傣族景頗族自治州｜德宏傣族景颇族自治州, Yunnan	瑞麗


敦化 Dūnhuà	敦化 \| 敦化* \| *敦化	Dunhua, county-level city in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 延邊朝鮮族自治州｜延边朝鲜族自治州, Jilin


德钦 Déqīn	德钦 \| 德钦* \| *德钦	Dechen County in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 迪慶藏族自治州｜迪庆藏族自治州, Yunnan (formerly in Kham province of Tibet)	德欽


德令哈 Délìnghā	德令哈 \| 德令哈* \| *德令哈	Delingha city in Haixi Mongol and Tibetan autonomous prefecture 海西蒙古族藏族自治州, Qinghai


白玉 Báiyù	白玉 \| 白玉* \| *白玉	Baiyü county (Tibetan: dpal yul rdzong) in Garze Tibetan autonomous prefecture 甘孜藏族自治州, Sichuan (formerly in Kham province of Tibet)


夏河 Xiàhé	夏河 \| 夏河* \| *夏河	Xiahe County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 甘南藏族自治州, Gansu, formerly Amdo province of Tibet


自查 zìchá	自查 \| 自查* \| *自查	to inspect oneself; to carry out a self-inspection


贵德 Guìdé	贵德 \| 贵德* \| *贵德	Guide county in Hainan Tibetan autonomous prefecture 海南藏族自治州, Qinghai	貴德


剑川 Jiànchuān	剑川 \| 剑川* \| *剑川	Jianchuan county in Dali Bai autonomous prefecture 大理白族自治州, Yunnan	劍川


景洪 Jǐnghóng	景洪 \| 景洪* \| *景洪	Jinghong, county-level city in Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture 西雙版納傣族自治州｜西双版纳傣族自治州, Yunnan


小金 Xiǎojīn	小金 \| 小金* \| *小金	Xiaojin County (Tibetan: btsan lha rdzong) in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture 阿壩藏族羌族自治州｜阿坝藏族羌族自治州, northwest Sichuan


来凤 Láifèng	来凤 \| 来凤* \| *来凤	Laifeng County in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 恩施土家族苗族自治州, Hubei	來鳳


自选 zìxuǎn	自选 \| 自选* \| *自选	to choose by oneself / free to choose / optional / self-service	自選


内蒙 Nèiměng	内蒙 \| 内蒙* \| *内蒙	see 內蒙古自治區｜内蒙古自治区	內蒙


古丈 Gǔzhàng	古丈 \| 古丈* \| *古丈	Guzhang County in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 湘西土家族苗族自治州

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