| | age / era / epoch / period (in one's life) / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 |
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| | modern times / modern age / modern era | HSK 3 |
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| | to be a substitute for; to act on behalf of; to replace; to substitute / generation; dynasty; age; period; (historical) era; (geological) eon | HSK 3 |
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| | representative / delegate / CL: 位, 個|个, 名 / to represent / to stand for / on behalf of / in the name of | HSK 3 |
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| | a decade of a century (e.g. the Sixties) / age / era / period / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 |
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| | ancient times | HSK 3 |
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| | | HSK 3 |
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| | to replace; to take the place of | HSK 4 |
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| | to substitute for / to replace / to supersede | HSK 4 |
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| | the not-very-distant past / modern times, excluding recent decades / (in the context of Chinese history) the period from the Opium Wars until the May 4th Movement (mid-19th century to 1919) / capitalist times (pre-1949) | HSK 4 |
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| | the present age / the contemporary era | HSK 5 |
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| | to act on behalf of sb in a responsible position / to act as an agent or proxy / surrogate / (computing) proxy | HSK 5 |
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| | price / cost / consideration (in share dealing) | HSK 5 |
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| | to transfer (duties to sb else) / to give instructions; to tell (sb to do sth) / to explain; to give an account; to brief / to confess; to account for oneself / (jocular) to come to a bad end | HSK 5 |
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| | generation | HSK 6 |
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| | (idiom) to replace; to supersede; to take its (or her etc) place | HSK 7-9 |
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| | code name | HSK 7-9 |
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| | dynasty / reign (of a king) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | descendant; progeny / posterity; later ages; later generations | HSK 7-9 |
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| | for many generations / generation / era / age | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to replace / to supersede / to supplant / (chemistry) substitution | HSK 7-9 |
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| | metabolism (biology) / the new replaces the old (idiom) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | agent | HSK 7-9 |
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| | the next generation | HSK 7-9 |
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| | spokesperson | HSK 7-9 |
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| | epoch-marking | HSK 7-9 |
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| | code | |
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| | Time, US weekly news magazine | |
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| | Hyundai, South Korean company | |
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| | to act for sb else / to act on sb's behalf / an agent / a diplomatic representative / a chargé d'affaires | |
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| | surname Ji / family name of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty 周代 (1046-256 BC) | |
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| | final generation | |
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| | replacement / substitution / metabolism (biol.) | |
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| | the Maldives | |
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| | to be a spokesperson / to be an ambassador (for a brand) / to endorse | |
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| | successive generations / successive dynasties / past dynasties | |
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| | Qing dynasty (1644-1911) | |
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| | Song dynasty (960-1279) | |
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| | to get around using a conveyance (car, bicycle, sedan chair etc); to ride (or drive) / means of transportation | |
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| | OEM (original equipment manufacturer) | |
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| | to buy (on behalf of sb) | |
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| | the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) | |
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| | party congress (of the Communist Party of China) | |
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| | offspring / child's generation | |
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| | people's congress, a legislative body within the PRC's system of government at any of various levels – national, provincial, municipal, county or township (abbr. for 人民代表大會|人民代表大会) | |
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| | the Yuan or Mongol dynasty (1279-1368) | |
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| | to do sth on behalf of sb else | |
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| | token (used instead of money for slot machines, in game arcades etc) | |
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| | to receive sth on another's behalf | |
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| | to substitute / to replace | |
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| | from generation to generation / generation after generation | |
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| | abbr. for 四個現代化|四个现代化, Deng Xiaoping's four modernizations | |
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| | algebra | |
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| | golden age | |
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| | peerless / unmatched in his generation / incomparable (talent, beauty) | |
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| | to withhold tax (from employee's salary) | |
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| | Tang dynasty (618-907) | |
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| | Jingtai county in Baiyin 白銀|白银, Gansu / Jingtai Emperor, reign name of seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu 朱祁鈺|朱祁钰 (1428-1457), reigned 1449-1457, temple name 代宗 | |
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| | to write on behalf of sb / to ghostwrite | |
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| | to teach as substitute for absent teacher | |
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| | to substitute into | |
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| | (medical) compensation / to repay a debt or obligation in place of sb else | |
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| | Zhou dynasty (1046-221 BC) | |
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| | to sell as agent / to sell on commission (e.g. insurance policies) / proxy sale (of stocks) | |
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| | the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) | |
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| | Qin dynasty (221-207 BC), founded by the first emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇, the first dynasty to rule the whole of China | |
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| | the prehistoric Shang dynasty (c. 16th-11th century BC) | |
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| | haloalkane (obtained from hydrocarbon by substituting halogen for hydrogen, e.g. chlorobenzene or the CFCs) | |
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| | to administer / to manage / to hold in trust or escrow | |
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| | Bandai toy company | |
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| | Dai county in Xinzhou 忻州, Shanxi | |
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| | for many generations | |
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| | generation gap | |
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| | magnificent style unmatched in his generation (idiom); peerless talent | |
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| | to carry on one's ancestral line | |
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| | Sui dynasty (581-617) | |
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| | passed on from generation to generation (idiom); to hand down | |
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| | metonymy | |
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| | alternative name / to refer to sth by another name; antonomasia | |
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| | throughout the ages | |
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| | beauty unmatched in her generation (idiom); woman of peerless elegance / prettiest girl ever | |
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| | to transition to a new dynasty or regime / to replace an older product with an upgraded, new-generation one | |
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| | buttoned mandarin jacket of the Qing dynasty 清代 (1644-1911) | |
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| | Jin Dynasty (265-420) | |
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| | passed on from generation to generation (idiom); to hand down | |
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| | to transition to a new dynasty or regime | |
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| | parent's generation / previous generation | |
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| | | |
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| | to do sth in place of sb else | |
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| | periodization (of history) | |
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| | Mesozoic (geological era 250-65m years ago, covering Triassic 三疊紀|三叠纪, Jurassic 侏羅紀|侏罗纪 and Cretaceous 白堊紀|白垩纪) | |
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| | to provide work to relieve poverty | |
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| | lit. the plum tree withers in place of the peach tree / to substitute one thing for another / to carry the can for sb | |
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| | lit. to go beyond the sacrificial altar and take over the kitchen (idiom); fig. to exceed one's place and meddle in other people's affairs / to take matters into one's own hands | |
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| | Zhaozhou Bridge over Xiao River 洨河 in Zhao county 趙縣|赵县, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, dating back to the Sui dynasty 隋代 (581-617) and the world's oldest extant stone arch bridge | |
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| | to pass to the next generation | |
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| | Walter Mondale (1928-), US democratic politician, US vice-president 1977-1981 and ambassador to Japan 1993-1996 | |
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| | previous generation | |
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| | to do everything oneself (idiom); not to allow others in on the act | |
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| | to take the blame for sb else / to be made a scapegoat | |
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