| | to wait for; to await / by the time; when; till / and so on; etc.; et al. / (bound form) class; rank; grade / (bound form) equal to; same as / (used to end an enumeration) / (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun) | HSK 1 |
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| | to go / to go to (a place) / (of a time etc) last / just passed / to send / to remove / to get rid of / to reduce / to be apart from in space or time / to die (euphemism) / to play (a part) / (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth / (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) / (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) | HSK 1 |
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| | of; ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的｜跑堂儿的 "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs | HSK 1 |
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| | one / single / a (article) / as soon as / entire; whole; all; throughout / "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) / also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit | HSK 1 |
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| | to be / to act as / manage / withstand / when / during / ought / should / match equally / equal / same / obstruct / just at (a time or place) / on the spot / right / just at | HSK 2 |
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| | to wait until / by the time when (sth is ready etc) | HSK 2 |
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| | to think (i.e. to take it to be true that ...) (Usually there is an implication that the notion is mistaken – except when expressing one's own current opinion.) | HSK 2 |
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| | o'clock / time / when / hour / season / period | HSK 3 |
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| | finally / in the end / when all is said and done / after all / to the end / to the last | HSK 3 |
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| | to go to the bottom of a matter / after all / when all is said and done / (in an interrogative sentence) finally / outcome / result | HSK 4 |
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| | square / power or involution (math.) / upright / honest / fair and square / direction / side / party (to a contract, dispute etc) / place / method / prescription (medicine) / just when / only or just / classifier for square things / abbr. for square or cubic meter | HSK 4 |
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| | only if (..., or otherwise, ...) / only when / only in the case that / unless | HSK 5 |
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| | after all / all in all / when all is said and done / in the final analysis | HSK 5 |
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| | cave / hole / zero (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers) / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 5 |
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| | in case (sth happens) / if / once (sth happens, then...) / when / in a short time / in one day | HSK 5 |
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| | in the evening / when night falls / towards evening / at night fall / at dusk | HSK 6 |
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| | eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) / aubergine / brinjal / Guinea squash / phonetic "cheese" (when being photographed) / equivalent of "say cheese" | HSK 6 |
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| | replaces 啊 when following the vowel "u" or "ao" | HSK 6 |
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| | to brake (when driving) / to stop / to switch off / to check (bad habits) / a brake | HSK 7-9 |
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| | when the time comes / at the scheduled time | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to the greatest extent / (when used before a noun of location) furthest or extreme / to be within the limits of / to give priority to | HSK 7-9 |
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| | when | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to drop off; to fall off; (of hair, teeth etc) to fall out / to omit (a character when writing) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to seek help (when in distress or having difficulties) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to exclude / not including sth (when counting or listing) / except for | HSK 7-9 |
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| | abstain from certain food (as when ill) / avoid certain foods / be on a diet | HSK 7-9 |
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| | lit. to have a target in mind when shooting one's arrows (idiom) / fig. to have a clear objective | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to premiere (a movie or TV show) / premiere (of a movie) / first-run (movie) / to greet (the eye) before anything else (e.g. when entering a room) | |
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| | dimple (on the cheek when smiling) | |
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| | (Tw) (sentence-final particle) (used to convey a friendly tone when giving an admonition or correcting sb etc) | |
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| | what time? / when? | |
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| | to advance or retreat / knowing when to come and when to leave / a sense of propriety | |
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| | (one's) original intention, aspiration etc / (Buddhism) "beginner's mind" (i.e. having an attitude of openness when studying a subject just as a beginner in that subject would) | |
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| | mojibake (nonsense characters displayed when software fails to render text according to its intended character encoding) | |
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| | double seven festival, evening of seventh of lunar seventh month / girls' festival / Chinese Valentine's day, when Cowherd and Weaving maid 牛郎織女｜牛郎织女 are allowed their annual meeting | |
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| | that one / that thing / that (as opposed to this) / (used before a verb or adjective for emphasis) / (used to humorously or indirectly refer to sth embarrassing, funny etc, or when one can't think of the right word) / (used in speech as a filler, similar to "umm", "you know" etc) / (euph.) menstruation / sex / also pr. [nei4 ge5] | |
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| | When the tree topples the monkeys scatter. (idiom); fig. an opportunist abandons an unfavorable cause / Rats leave a sinking ship. | |
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| | the whole family / the same family / the family ... (when preceded by a family name) / group | |
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| | (Tw) (Internet slang) Greetings! (used when it's unknown what time the reader will see one's post, or just to be cute) | |
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| | timely / just (when needed) | |
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| | household with savings or annual income of 10,000 yuan or more (considered a large amount in the 1970s, when the term became established) | |
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| | the capping ceremony, a Confucian coming of age ceremony for males dating from pre-Qin times, performed when a boy reaches the age of 20, involving the ritual placing of caps on the head of the young man | |
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| | one's share of expenses (e.g. when buying a gift collectively) / cash gift | |
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| | to brake (when driving) | |
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| | as for / when it comes to | |
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| | to turn over (when lying) / (fig.) to free oneself / to emancipate oneself / to bring about a change of one's fortunes | |
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| | Ghost Festival on 15th day of 7th lunar month when offerings are made to the deceased | |
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| | at what time?; when? | |
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| | under one's control or administration / subordinates / (money etc) on hand / sb's financial means / when taking action | |
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| | (coll.) young child; the little one(s) of the family / (old) (humble) I; me; my (used by a commoner when speaking to an official) | |
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| | to cover up; to conceal / to close (a door, book etc) / (coll.) to get (one's fingers etc) caught when closing a door or lid / (literary) to launch a surprise attack | |
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| | stroke order (when writing Chinese character) | |
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| | hello (when answering the phone) | |
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| | to change one's tune / to modify one's previous remark / to change the way one addresses sb (as when one marries and starts to call one's husband's parents 爸爸 and 媽媽｜妈妈) | |
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| | kite (Etymology: Kites with bamboo whistles attached produced musical sounds when flown.) | |
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| | taking everything into account (idiom) / when all is said and done | |
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| | Five Dynasties, period of history between the fall of the Tang dynasty (907) and the founding of the Song dynasty (960), when five would-be dynasties were established in quick succession in North China | |
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| | cold air / a chill one feels in the body (when exposed to cold air) | |
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| | to repair a leaky roof / (dialect) to find fault; to nitpick / (slang) to score a bargain (esp. when the seller is unaware of the item's true value) / (slang) to take advantage of an unexpected opportunity | |
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| | (rhetorical question) when? / how? / it's not that... | |
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| | (idiom) (when followed by 不) at no time; never (Note: 無時無刻不｜无时无刻不 therefore means "at no time not ...", i.e. "at all times".) / (when not followed by 不) at all times; always | |
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| | early evening when lanterns are first lit | |
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| | Ghost Festival on 15th day of 7th lunar month when offerings are made to the deceased | |
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| | (medicine) tenderness; pain experienced when touched or palpated | |
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| | voice change (at puberty) / to alter one's voice (deliberately) / to sound different (when angry etc) | |
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| | to move (sth) aside / to step aside / to move over (when sitting on a bench) / to shift (one's gaze) | |
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| | the part of a bow grasped when shooting | |
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| | gift given to sb when meeting them for the first time | |
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| | lit. when the snipe and the clam grapple with each other, the fisherman catches them both (idiom) / fig. when two sides are locked in dispute, it's often a third party that benefits | |
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| | Hongmen feast / (fig.) banquet set up with the aim of murdering a guest / refers to a famous episode in 206 BC when future Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦｜刘邦 escaped attempted murder by his rival Xiang Yu 項羽｜项羽 | |
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| | ornamental thumb ring (originally a ring, often made from jade, worn by archers in ancient times to protect the right thumb when drawing a bowstring) | |
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| | hat trick (when one player scores three goals) | |
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| | only when absolutely essential (idiom); as a last resort | |
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| | to turn red in the face (while drinking) / to become smug (when complimented) | |
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| | the future is long (idiom); there will be ample time for that later / We'll cross that bridge when we get there | |
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| | lit. when a wall is about to collapse, everybody gives it a shove (idiom) / fig. everybody hits a man who is down | |
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| | legendary tree that sheds coins when shaken / (fig.) source of easy money | |
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| | (idiom) to refrain from going too far; to know when to stop | |
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| | just a while before / not so long ago / everyone can remember when.. | |
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| | to stretch oneself (on waking or when tired etc) | |
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| | to be in love when one is too young; puppy love | |
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| | (idiom) to find a way to survive when everything seems hopeless | |
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| | (coll.) the night before lunisolar New Year's Eve / (Tw) the night before New Year's Eve (either lunisolar or Gregorian) / (old) Little New Year's Eve (the 23rd or 24th of the 12th lunisolar month, when people offer sacrifices to the kitchen god) | |
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| | lit. the assassin's dagger, concealed in a map scroll, is suddenly revealed when the map is unrolled (referring to the attempted assassination of Ying Zheng 嬴政 by Jing Ke 荊軻｜荆轲 in 227 BC) (idiom) / fig. malicious intent suddenly becomes apparent | |
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| | lit. to kill the donkey when the grinding is done (idiom) / fig. to get rid of sb once he has ceased to be useful | |
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| | (used self-deprecatingly, e.g. when asked to sing a song) to put one's artistic incompetence on display | |
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| | when you teach someone, both teacher and student will benefit | |
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| | standard gold bar / deposit when submitting a tender | |
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| | lit. sit on the mountain and watch the tigers fight (idiom) / fig. watch in safety whilst others fight then reap the rewards when both sides are exhausted | |
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| | lit. when you enter a country, follow the local customs (idiom) / fig. when in Rome, do as the Romans do | |
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| | men and women should not touch hands when they give or receive things (citation, from Mencius) | |
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| | true sentiments are seen in hard times (idiom) / you see who your true friends are when you go through tough times together / you see who your true friends are when you are in difficulties | |
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| | lit. (when a person attains enlightenment and immortality), even his chickens and dogs will ascend to heaven with him (idiom) / fig. (when somebody attains a position of power and influence), their relatives and friends also benefit / (2nd half of the saying 一人得道， 雞犬升天｜一人得道， 鸡犬升天) | |
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| | (martial arts) horse stance (with legs wide apart, as when riding a horse) | |
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| | lit. to clasp the Buddha's feet when danger arises (idiom); fig. to profess devotion only when in trouble / doing things at the last minute / making a hasty last-minute effort | |
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| | to close the door (when going through it) | |
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| | unprofitable goods; item that can only be sold at a loss / daughter (so called in former times because daughters required a dowry when they married) | |
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| | when things come to a head (idiom) | |
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| | (idiom based on Sunzi's "The Art of War" 孫子兵法｜孙子兵法) to deploy one's troops in such a way that there is no possibility of retreat, so that they will fight for their lives and win the battle; to fight desperately when confronted with mortal danger; to find a way to emerge from a dire situation | |
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| | lit. when the boat reaches the bridge, it will pass underneath without trouble (proverb) / fig. everything will be all right | |
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