| | of; ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的｜跑堂儿的 "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs | HSK 1 |
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| | particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?") / particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?") / particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") / (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action / particle indicating strong affirmation | HSK 1 |
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| | to / for / for the benefit of / to give / to allow / to do sth (for sb) / (grammatical equivalent of 被) / (grammatical equivalent of 把) / (sentence intensifier) | HSK 1 |
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| | modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent | HSK 2 |
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| | sentence / clause / phrase / classifier for phrases or lines of verse | HSK 2 |
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| | | HSK 2 |
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| | how (wonderful etc) / what (a great idea etc) / however (difficult it may be etc) / (in interrogative sentences) how (much etc) / to what extent | HSK 2 |
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| | always / at all times / never (if used in negative sentence) | HSK 3 |
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| | quilt / to cover (with) / (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) / used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊｜被旅游 to "go on a trip") | HSK 3 |
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| | (emphatic sentence-final particle, used instead of 啊 after a word ending in "n") | HSK 4 |
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| | after; behind / (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then | HSK 4 |
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| | to go to the bottom of a matter / after all / when all is said and done / (in an interrogative sentence) finally / outcome / result | HSK 4 |
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| | sentence-final particle, contraction of 了啊, indicating exclamation / particle placed after each item in a list of examples | HSK 6 |
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| | clothes / dress / garment / to serve (in the military, a prison sentence etc) / to obey / to be convinced (by an argument) / to convince / to admire / to acclimatize / to take (medicine) / mourning clothes / to wear mourning clothes | HSK 6 |
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| | to go / to take / sentence-final interrogative particle / variant of 於｜于 | HSK 6 |
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| | (bound form) to differentiate; to distinguish / (bound form) clearly (different) / to judge; to decide; to grade / (of a judge) to sentence | HSK 6 |
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| | judgment (by a court of law) / to pass judgment on / to sentence | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to sentence / to condemn | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (archaic) sentence-final particle expressing a doubting attitude | |
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| | sentence-final particle that conveys informality, warmth, friendliness or intimacy / may also indicate that one is stating a fact that the other person is not aware of | |
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| | sentence | |
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| | punishment / penalty / sentence / torture / corporal punishment | |
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| | to control / to restrict / (PRC law) non-custodial sentence with specified restrictions on one's activities for up to 3 years (e.g. not to participate in demonstrations) | |
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| | to sentence (to prison etc) | |
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| | sentence pattern / sentence structure / syntax | |
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| | disciple; apprentice; believer / on foot / bare; empty / to no avail / only / prison sentence | |
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| | defective sentence / error (of grammar or logic) | |
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| | (law) to determine the sentence | |
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| | sentence pattern (in grammar) | |
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| | sentence / penalty / punishment | |
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| | sentence-final particle similar to 了, but carrying a tone of approval | |
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| | example sentence | |
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| | (sentence-final particle expressing exhortation) / (syllable filler in a song) | |
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| | sentence-making | |
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| | comes at the end of the sentence to indicate a strong degree / quite / rather | |
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| | to sentence / to condemn | |
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| | to serve a prison sentence | |
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| | to carry out a (death) sentence / execution | |
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| | to send away to serve a penal sentence | |
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| | to be lenient (in sentencing) | |
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| | prison sentence | |
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| | to sentence the accuser (and free the falsely accused defendant) | |
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| | simple sentence (grammar) | |
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| | deferred death sentence / commuted death sentence with forced labor and judicial review after two years (PRC) (legal) | |
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| | inscription with name, date, or short sentence, on a painting, gift, letter etc / to write such an inscription | |
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| | prisoner that awaits execution / convict sentenced to death / someone on death row | |
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| | to reduce penalty / shortened or commuted (judicial) sentence | |
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| | words and sentences | |
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| | (Tw) (sentence-final particle) (used to convey a friendly tone when giving an admonition or correcting sb etc) | |
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| | pausing at the end of a phrase or sentence (in former times, before punctuation marks were used) / punctuation / periods and commas / sentences and phrases | |
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| | suspended sentence / probation | |
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| | a line of verse / a sentence | |
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| | to seem / to appear / (in a negative or interrogative sentence) to be sure | |
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| | darling / (in negative sentences) heart / humanity | |
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| | sentence-final particle (abbr. for 呢啊 or variant of 哪) | |
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| | one sentence / brief remark | |
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| | (literary) death sentence; decapitation | |
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| | parallel (sentences) / parallel prose | |
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| | parallel and antithesis (paired sentences as rhetoric device) | |
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| | (old sentence-final expression used for emphasis) | |
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| | negative sentence | |
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| | declarative sentence | |
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| | affirmative sentence | |
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| | ... hence the name (used at the end of a sentence) | |
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| | (PRC) (since 1985) graduation certificate, which certifies that the student has graduated, but not necessarily met all requirements to be awarded a degree certificate 學位證書｜学位证书 / (1981-1985) graduation certificate, which certified that the student graduated, and, if it included a final sentence indicating a degree type, also certified that the student met all the requirements for a degree | |
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| | number of sentences / number of lines (in verse etc) | |
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| | person being executed / victim of corporal punishment / person serving a sentence | |
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| | (slang) (used at the end of a sentence to mimic Korean speech) (loanword from Korean verb ending "seumnida") / (jocular) a Korean | |
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| | to affirm the original sentence (law) | |
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| | imperative sentence | |
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| | life sentence | |
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| | subject-predicate sentence / subject-predicate clause | |
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| | discourse / group of sentences with clear meaning / narrative | |
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| | imperative sentence | |
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| | to sentence (a criminal) | |
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| | to complete a prison sentence | |
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| | unspecified period / in the indefinite future / no fixed time / indefinite sentence (i.e. life imprisonment) | |
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| | one-word sentence | |
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| | to serve (a sentence) outside prison (law) | |
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| | Bo Xilai (1949-), PRC politician, appointed to the Politburo in 2007, sentenced in 2013 to life imprisonment for corruption and misconduct | |
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| | subject-verb-object SVO or subject-predicate-object sentence pattern (e.g. in Chinese grammar) | |
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| | subject-object-verb SOV or subject-object-predicate sentence pattern (e.g. in Japanese or Korean grammar) | |
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| | (linguistics) inverted sentence | |
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| | to sentence (sb) to pay compensation | |
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| | punctuation of a sentence (in former times, before punctuation marks were used) / period 句號｜句号 and comma 逗號｜逗号 / sentences and phrases | |
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| | start of phrase or sentence | |
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| | (slang) to have served several sentences; recidivist; old lag | |
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| | to commute a prison sentence to a fine (Tw) | |
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| | deferred death sentence / abbr. to 死緩｜死缓 | |
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| | question (grammar) / interrogative sentence | |
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| | literary auxiliary particle, comes at the beginning of a sentence | |
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| | noncustodial (sentence) | |
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