| | two / both / some / a few / tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1⁄16 of a catty 斤 (old) | HSK 1 |
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| | now / at present / at the moment / modern / current / nowadays | HSK 1 |
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| | modern times / modern age / modern era | HSK 3 |
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| | stage play / modern drama / CL: 臺|台, 部 | HSK 3 |
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| | the not-very-distant past / modern times, excluding recent decades / (in the context of Chinese history) the period from the Opium Wars until the May 4th Movement (mid-19th century to 1919) / capitalist times (pre-1949) | HSK 4 |
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| | classical final particle, similar to modern 了 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | Daoist immortal / supernatural entity / (in modern fiction) fairy, elf, leprechaun etc / fig. lighthearted person | HSK 7-9 |
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| | modern / fashionable | HSK 7-9 |
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| | abreast of modern developments / to keep up with the times / progressive / timely | HSK 7-9 |
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| | rivers and lakes / all corners of the country; remote areas to which hermits retreat / section of society operating independently of mainstream society, out of reach of the law; the milieu in which wuxia tales play out (cf. 武俠|武侠) / (in late imperial times) world of traveling merchants, itinerant doctors, fortune tellers etc; demimonde / (in modern times) triads; secret gangster societies; underworld | |
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| | Hangu Pass in modern day Henan Province, strategic pass forming the eastern gate of the Qin State during the Warring States Period (770-221 BC) | |
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| | to dance energetically / vigorous modern style of dance | |
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| | Lu Xun (1881-1936), one of the earliest and best-known modern Chinese writers | |
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| | Shuang river in Hunan and Guangdong (modern Wu river 武水) | |
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| | then and now / ancient and modern | |
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| | hegemon / tyrant / lord / feudal chief / to rule by force / to usurp / (in modern advertising) master | |
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| | ancient Central Asian city state, flourished in first millennium AD, in modern Aksu 阿克蘇地區|阿克苏地区, Xinjiang | |
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| | Dadu, capital of China during the Yuan Dynasty (1280-1368), modern day Beijing | |
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| | Western Xia dynasty 1038-1227 of Tangut people 黨項|党项 occupying modern Ningxia and parts of Gansu and Shaanxi, overthrown by Mongols | |
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| | historical name of Shenyang 瀋陽|沈阳 in modern Liaoning province | |
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| | Kulun, the former name for modern Ulan Bator, capital of Mongolia (Mongolian: temple) | |
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| | modern language version / modern translation / contemporary translation | |
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| | (bound form) a person in servitude; low-ranking subordinate / (bound form) to be subordinate to / (bound form) clerical script (the style of characters intermediate between ancient seal and modern regular characters) | |
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| | final name of the Shang dynasty after their move to Yinxu 殷墟 in modern Henan province | |
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| | falling tone / fourth tone in modern Mandarin | |
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| | falling and rising tone / third tone in modern Mandarin | |
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| | wedge / peg / stopper / prologue (in some modern novels) / prologue or interlude in Yuan dynasty drama | |
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| | now / nowadays / modern | |
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| | old place name (in Yan of Warring states, in modern Beijing city) | |
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| | modern (loanword) / fashionable | |
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| | contemporary / modern person / close friend / associate / intimate | |
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| | modern people | |
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| | Shule ancient name for modern Kashgar / Shule county in Kashgar prefecture 喀什地區|喀什地区, west Xinjiang | |
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| | Youzhou, ancient province in north Hebei and Liaoning / Fanyang 範陽|范阳 ancient city near modern Beijing | |
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| | name of old state in modern Sichuan | |
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| | (in former times) upper, middle and lower army / army of right, center and left / (in modern times) the three armed services: Army, Navy and Air Force | |
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| | (Chinese opera) to play a role outside of one's specialty / (modern) to play a transvestite role / to masquerade as an opponent | |
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| | foot (unit of length equal to 0.3048 m) / old form of modern 英尺 | |
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| | Yongchang county in Jinchang 金昌, Gansu 甘肅|甘肃 / ancient prefecture in Yunnan 雲南|云南, modern Baoshan 保山 | |
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| | Natsume Sōseki (1867-1916), one of the first modern Japanese novelists | |
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| | Zhou Dynasty vassal state in modern day Shandong Province | |
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| | brigand / (modern) uncivil driver; road hog / (PRC) person who sets up an illegal toll / (Tw) person who uses a part of the street as their private parking place | |
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| | Jokes (title of an ancient collection of jokes, often used in the title of modern collections of jokes) | |
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| | surname Cheng / ancient area of modern-day Danyang City, Jiangsu Province | |
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| | level or even tone / first and second tones in modern Mandarin | |
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| | faking a modern object as an ancient one | |
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| | modern (i.e. not ancient) pronunciation of a Chinese character | |
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| | Ao, Shang Dynasty capital (northeast part of modern day Zhengzhou, Henan) | |
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| | name of a country in Spring and Autumn period in modern Shandong, destroyed by Qi 齊|齐 | |
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| | Ur (Sumerian city c. 4500 BC in modern Iraq) | |
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| | Emishi or Ebisu, ethnic group of ancient Japan, thought to be related to modern Ainus | |
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| | old name for Shenyang 瀋陽|沈阳 in modern Liaoning province | |
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| | Zhongdu, capital of China during the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), modern day Beijing | |
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| | François Viète (1540-1603), French mathematician, father of modern algebraic notation | |
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| | Yan, a vassal state of Zhou in modern Hebei and Liaoning / north Hebei / the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely: Former Yan 前燕 (337-370), Later Yan 後燕|后燕 (384-409), Southern Yan 南燕 (398-410), Northern Yan 北燕 (409-436) | |
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| | (Tw) blending of cultural heritage elements with creative modern designs to produce innovative products and services (often used attributively, as in 文創商品|文创商品) (abbr. for 文化創意|文化创意) | |
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| | Haojing (in modern Shaanxi, northwest of Chang'an county), capital of Western Zhou from c. 1050 BC | |
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| | Kuizhou, ancient area of modern Fengjie County 奉節縣|奉节县, Chongqing | |
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| | Lee Kuan Yew (1923-2015), founding father of modern Singapore, prime minister 1959-1990 | |
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| | the Twenty-Four Histories (25 or 26 in modern editions), collection of books on Chinese dynastic history from 3000 BC till 17th century / fig. a long and complicated story | |
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| | Tang dynasty province in modern Xinjiang, around Hami 哈密 / Illinois (US state) | |
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| | Castilla, old Spanish kingdom / modern Spanish provinces of Castilla-Leon and Castilla-La Mancha | |
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| | Shuang river in Hunan and Guangdong (modern Wu river 武水) | |
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| | the State of Qǐ in modern Qǐ county 杞縣|杞县, Henan (c. 1500-445 BC), a small vassal state of Shang and Western Zhou for most of its existence | |
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| | modern history (for China, from the Opium Wars until the fall of the Qing Dynasty, i.e. mid-19th to early 20th century) | |
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| | ancient place in modern day Zhejiang Province | |
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| | the sword moves with side stroke (modern idiom) / fig. unexpected winning move / unconventional gambit | |
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| | modern music / contemporary music | |
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| | (old) unprincipled; incorrect / (modern) unnatural; against reason; incredible | |
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| | Ryūkyū kingdom 1429-1879 (on modern Okinawa) | |
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| | a blast furnace (in modern times) / a draft assisted furnace for smelting metals | |
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| | Wang Li (1900-1986), one of the pioneers of modern Chinese linguistics | |
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| | Jonathan D Spence (1936-), distinguished British US historian of China, author of The Search for Modern China 追尋現代中國|追寻现代中国 | |
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| | Wu Renbao (1928-2013), former CCP chief of Huaxi Village 華西村|华西村, responsible for turning it into a modern rich community | |
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| | Li Yuanhao (1003-1048), founding king of Xixia 西夏 around modern Ningxia 寧夏|宁夏 | |
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| | Liang Shuming (1893-1988), modern philosopher and teacher in the neo-Confucian tradition | |
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| | modern man / Homo sapiens | |
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| | Bauhaus (German school of modern architecture and design) | |
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| | old place name (in Yan of Warring states, in modern Beijing city) | |
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| | Battle of Guandu of 199 that established Cao Cao's 曹操 domination over north China, at Guandu (near modern 許昌|许昌 in north Henan) | |
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| | the modern form | |
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| | Modern New Confucianism / see also 新儒家 | |
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| | Ryūkyū kingdom 1429-1879 (on modern Okinawa) | |
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| | twenty four dynastic histories (or 25 or 26 in modern editions) | |
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| | old: to reap the consequences of one's words (idiom, from Mencius); modern: to go back on one's word / to blow hot and cold / to contradict oneself / inconsistent | |
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| | the sword moves like a dragon-fly (modern idiom) / fig. unexpected winning move / unconventional gambit | |
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| | Bao Zheng (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty / modern day metaphor for an honest politician | |
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| | Ryukyu Islands / Okinawa 沖繩|冲绳 and other islands of modern Japan | |
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| | the four tones of Middle Chinese: level tone 平聲|平声, rising tone 上聲|上声, departing tone 去聲|去声 and entering tone 入聲|入声 / the four tones of Modern Standard Mandarin | |
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| | department of foreign languages / modern languages (college department) | |
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| | (in classical literature) young military officer of high rank for his age / (during the Cultural Revolution) young militant in the Red Guard / (in modern usage) rising star (in sport, politics etc) | |
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| | to abolish the feudal Han and introduce modern prefectures (refers to reorganization during Meiji Japan) | |
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| | twenty four dynastic histories (or 25 or 26 in modern editions) / same as 二十四史 | |
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| | Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794), French nobleman and scientist, considered the father of modern chemistry | |
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| | Cao Yuzhang (1924-1996), modern writer and publisher, author of Tales from 5000 Years of Chinese History 上下五千年 | |
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| | modern / up-to-date | |
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| | Ming Dynasty name for modern day Malacca / see also 馬六甲|马六甲 | |
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| | modern pentathlon | |
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| | modern history | |
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| | modern dance | |
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