| | also; too; as well; (not ...) either / (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X) / (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊 | HSK 1 |
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| | you (Note: In Taiwan, 妳 is used to address females, but in mainland China, it is not commonly used. Instead, 你 is used to address both males and females.) | HSK 1 |
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| | a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘｜打伞 "to hold an umbrella", 打電話｜打电话 "to make a phone call", 打針｜打针 "to get an injection", 打手套 "to knit gloves", 打氣｜打气 "to inflate") / to hit; to strike / to fight / (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後｜打那以后 "since then") | HSK 1 |
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| | to have; there is / (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 intentional) | HSK 1 |
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| | to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) | HSK 2 |
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| | that level or higher; that amount or more / the above-mentioned / (used to indicate that one has completed one's remarks) That is all. | HSK 2 |
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| | parts of the country other than where one is | HSK 2 |
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| | to follow / from / because of; due to / by; via; through / (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ... | HSK 3 |
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| | to speak / to explain / to negotiate / to emphasize / to be particular about / as far as sth is concerned / speech / lecture | HSK 2 |
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| | (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... / (after a noun) person involved in ... / -er / -ist / (used after a number or 後｜后 or 前 to refer to sth mentioned previously) / (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) / (old) (used at the end of a command) / (old) this | HSK 3 |
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| | to wait until / by the time when (sth is ready etc) | HSK 2 |
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| | quilt / to cover (with) / (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) / used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊｜被旅游 to "go on a trip") | HSK 3 |
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| | modal particle indicating that sth is obvious / particle indicating a pause for emphasis | HSK 6 |
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| | is or isn't / yes or no / whether or not | HSK 1 |
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| | interest (desire to know about sth) / interest (thing in which one is interested); hobby / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 4 |
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| | someone / people / anyone / there is someone there / occupied (as in restroom) | HSK 2 |
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| | particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?") / particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?") / particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") / (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action / particle indicating strong affirmation | HSK 1 |
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| | finally / in the end / when all is said and done / after all / to the end / to the last | HSK 3 |
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| | there still remain(s); there is (or are) still / in addition | HSK 1 |
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| | in addition / moreover / (used before a disyllabic verb to indicate that the action of the verb is applied to sth or sb previously mentioned) / to apply (restrictions etc) to (sb) / to give (support, consideration etc) to (sth) | HSK 5 |
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| | (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) / precisely / exactly / even / if / just like / in the same way as | HSK 6 |
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| | it is a pity / what a pity / unfortunately | HSK 5 |
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| | nevertheless / actually / the fact is ... | HSK 6 |
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| | it can clearly be seen (that this is the case) / it is (thus) clear / clear / visible | HSK 4 |
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| | is precisely | HSK 2 |
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| | only have ...; there is only ... / (used in combination with 才) it is only if ... (that one can ...) (as in 只有通過治療才能痊愈｜只有通过治疗才能痊愈 "the only way to cure it is with therapy") / it is only (someone) who ... (as in 只有男性才有此需要 "only men would have such a requirement") / (used to express lack of alternatives) can only; have no choice but to (as in 只有屈服 "the only thing you can do is give in") | HSK 3 |
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| | in other words; that is | HSK 6 |
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| | new word (in textbook) / word that is unfamiliar or not yet studied / CL: 組｜组, 個｜个 | HSK 2 |
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| | whether or not / can it or can't it / is it possible? | HSK 6 |
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| | regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to | HSK 4 |
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| | to give one's respects / to send a greeting / (fig.) (coll.) to make offensive reference to (somebody dear to the person to whom one is speaking) | HSK 4 |
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| | to go to the bottom of a matter / after all / when all is said and done / (in an interrogative sentence) finally / outcome / result | HSK 4 |
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| | place / location / (after a noun) place where it is located | HSK 5 |
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| | after all / all in all / when all is said and done / in the final analysis | HSK 5 |
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| | it is said that; reportedly | HSK 3 |
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| | to meet with (sb who is paying a visit) / CL: 次 | HSK 6 |
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| | no / is not / not | |
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| | whether (or not) / if / is or isn't | HSK 4 |
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| | each other / one another / mutually / fret on the neck of a pipa 琵琶 (a fret on the soundboard is called a 品) | |
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| | in hand / (a situation is) in sb's hands | HSK 4 |
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| | there is no need / why should | HSK 7-9 |
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| | namely / that is / i.e. / prompt / at once / at present / even if / prompted (by the occasion) / to approach / to come into contact / to assume (office) / to draw near | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to grow beyond the naivete of childhood; to be aware of what is going on in the world / (esp. of a child) sensible; thoughtful; intelligent | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (in) the original place / the place where one currently is / place of origin / local (product) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... / (derog.) so-called | HSK 7-9 |
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| | planning is with man, accomplishing with heaven (idiom); Man proposes but God disposes. | |
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| | to maintain (that sth is true) / to determine (a fact) / determination (of an amount) / of the firm opinion / to believe firmly / to set one's mind on / to identify with | HSK 5 |
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| | bottom line; the limit of what one is prepared to accept / (sports) baseline / (sewing) under thread / spy; informer; plant | HSK 7-9 |
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| | in other words / that is to say / so / thus | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to match / is comparable with | HSK 7-9 |
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| | do not / there is none who | |
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| | unity of will is an impregnable stronghold (idiom) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | lit. one is one, two is two (idiom) / fig. things are (or ought to be) perfectly clear-cut / unequivocal | |
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| | (idiom) not one good point; everything about it is wrong | |
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| | to subdue / to check / to bring under control / (in former times) what one is allowed to wear depending on social status / uniform (army, party, school etc) / livery (for company employees) / CL: 套 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | it is reasonable to say that... | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (to express one's) true feelings / what is on one's mind / secret mind | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (saying) time is precious | |
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| | the whole year must be planned for in the spring (idiom) / early planning is the key to success | |
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| | to compete against / to measure oneself against / to go head to head (see who is best) | |
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| | (before a noun) Do (you, they etc) have ...? / Is there a ...? / (before a verb) Did (you, they etc) (verb, infinitive)? / Have (you, they etc) (verb, past participle)? | HSK 6 |
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| | ultimately / in the final analysis / after all / when all is said and done | |
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| | way of eating / how something is eaten / how a dish is prepared / the way a dish is to be cooked | |
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| | according to belief / it is believed that | |
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| | only the official is allowed to light the fire / Gods may do what cattle may not / quod licet Iovi, non licet bovi | |
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| | there are three ways to be unfilial; having no sons is the worst (from Mencius 孟子) | |
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| | sorry to interrupt you, but ... / sorry to have bothered you / sorry, I have to go / (slang) (coined c. 2017) used facetiously to terminate a conversation (esp. online) when the other person is being insufferable | |
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| | to say everything (that is on one's mind) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | a hint is all that is needed / understanding each other without the need to explain | |
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| | in other words / that is to say | HSK 6 |
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| | to be revealed / to come out (of the truth) / chalk (for whitening walls) / (old) wine cup / (neologism c. 2021) healthcare worker or volunteer in full-body PPE (esp. during the COVID-19 pandemic) (from the 2014 Disney version of the Marvel Comics character Baymax, whose Chinese name is 大白) | |
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| | one word worth a thousand in gold (idiom) / (in praise of a piece of writing or calligraphy) each character is perfect / each word is highly valued | |
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| | make your day's plan early in the morning (idiom) / early morning is the golden time of the day | |
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| | wife of father's elder brother / aunt / (polite form of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother) / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | lit. easy to dodge the spear in the open, hard to avoid a stab in the dark (idiom); it is hard to guard against secret conspiracies | |
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| | a prodigal son returned home is worth more than gold | |
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| | lit. say three in the morning but four in the evening (idiom); to change sth that is already settled upon / indecisive / to blow hot and cold | HSK 7-9 |
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| | One-China principle, the official doctrine that Taiwan is a province of China | |
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| | (idiom) time is gold; every minute is precious | |
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| | a person who is in poor health cannot handle sth so strong as a tonic | |
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| | it is everyone's duty | |
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| | gnosticism, the philosophical doctrine that everything about the universe is knowable | |
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| | collision in which only one party is at fault | |
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| | disgraceful (of behavior that is unfilial, rebellious or otherwise in grave breach of the norms of society) | |
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| | to make sth of oneself / to become a person who is worthy of respect | HSK 7-9 |
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| | the rice is cooked / what's done is done / it's too late to change anything now (idiom) | |
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| | there is no alternative | |
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| | there is a great deal of ... (typically followed by a bisyllabic word, as in 大有希望) / (literary) bumper harvest; abundance | |
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| | to celebrate a festival / after the celebrations (i.e. once the festival is over) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | the matter depends on the individual (idiom); it is a matter for your own effort / With effort, one can achieve anything. | |
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| | (slang) social media post whose purpose is to humblebrag | |
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| | (idiom) to live up to one's famous name; its reputation is well deserved | |
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| | monism, belief that the universe is made of a single substance | |
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| | life is but a dream (idiom) | |
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| | everything is fine (idiom); all is well with the world | |
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| | little girl who is older than another young child (e.g. her playmate) / (neologism c. 2017) (slang) young lady (amiable form of address for a young woman of about one's own age or a little older) | |
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| | man at birth is fundamentally good in nature (the first two lines of Three Character Classic 三字經｜三字经) | |
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| | person who is wise after the event | |
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| | (Internet slang) person who is neither married nor in a relationship (used self-deprecatingly) | |
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| | many men, a great force (idiom); many hands provide great strength / There is safety in numbers. | |
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