| | to have; there is / (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 intentional) | HSK 1 |
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| | you (Note: In Taiwan, 妳 is used to address females, but in mainland China, it is not commonly used. Instead, 你 is used to address both males and females.) | HSK 1 |
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| | particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?") / particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?") / particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") / (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action / particle indicating strong affirmation | HSK 1 |
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| | also; too; as well; (not ...) either / (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X) / (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊 | HSK 1 |
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| | there still remain(s); there is (or are) still / in addition | HSK 1 |
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| | a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘｜打伞 "to hold an umbrella", 打電話｜打电话 "to make a phone call", 打針｜打针 "to get an injection", 打手套 "to knit gloves", 打氣｜打气 "to inflate") / to hit; to strike / to fight / (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後｜打那以后 "since then") | HSK 1 |
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| | is or isn't / yes or no / whether or not | HSK 1 |
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| | parts of the country other than where one is | HSK 2 |
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| | to speak / to explain / to negotiate / to emphasize / to be particular about / as far as sth is concerned / speech / lecture | HSK 2 |
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| | is precisely | HSK 2 |
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| | that level or higher; that amount or more / the above-mentioned / (used to indicate that one has completed one's remarks) That is all. | HSK 2 |
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| | to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) | HSK 2 |
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| | new word (in textbook) / word that is unfamiliar or not yet studied / CL: 組｜组, 個｜个 | HSK 2 |
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| | to wait until / by the time when (sth is ready etc) | HSK 2 |
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| | someone / people / anyone / there is someone there / occupied (as in restroom) | HSK 2 |
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| | to follow / from / because of; due to / by; via; through / (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ... | HSK 3 |
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| | only have ...; there is only ... / (used in combination with 才) it is only if ... (that one can ...) (as in 只有通過治療才能痊愈｜只有通过治疗才能痊愈 "the only way to cure it is with therapy") / it is only (someone) who ... (as in 只有男性才有此需要 "only men would have such a requirement") / (used to express lack of alternatives) can only; have no choice but to (as in 只有屈服 "the only thing you can do is give in") | HSK 3 |
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| | quilt / to cover (with) / (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) / used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊｜被旅游 to "go on a trip") | HSK 3 |
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| | finally / in the end / when all is said and done / after all / to the end / to the last | HSK 3 |
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| | it is said that; reportedly | HSK 3 |
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| | (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... / (after a noun) person involved in ... / -er / -ist / (used after a number or 後｜后 or 前 to refer to sth mentioned previously) / (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) / (old) (used at the end of a command) / (old) this | HSK 3 |
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| | regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to | HSK 4 |
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| | whether (or not) / if / is or isn't | HSK 4 |
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| | to give one's respects / to send a greeting / (fig.) (coll.) to make offensive reference to (somebody dear to the person to whom one is speaking) | HSK 4 |
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| | it can clearly be seen (that this is the case) / it is (thus) clear / clear / visible | HSK 4 |
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| | interest (desire to know about sth) / interest (thing in which one is interested); hobby / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 4 |
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| | to go to the bottom of a matter / after all / when all is said and done / (in an interrogative sentence) finally / outcome / result | HSK 4 |
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| | in hand / (a situation is) in sb's hands | HSK 4 |
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| | place / location / (after a noun) place where it is located | HSK 5 |
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| | in addition / moreover / (used before a disyllabic verb to indicate that the action of the verb is applied to sth or sb previously mentioned) / to apply (restrictions etc) to (sb) / to give (support, consideration etc) to (sth) | HSK 5 |
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| | to maintain (that sth is true) / to determine (a fact) / determination (of an amount) / of the firm opinion / to believe firmly / to set one's mind on / to identify with | HSK 5 |
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| | after all / all in all / when all is said and done / in the final analysis | HSK 5 |
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| | it is a pity / what a pity / unfortunately | HSK 5 |
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| | whether or not / can it or can't it / is it possible? | HSK 6 |
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| | nevertheless / actually / the fact is ... | HSK 6 |
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| | to meet with (sb who is paying a visit) / CL: 次 | HSK 6 |
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| | (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) / precisely / exactly / even / if / just like / in the same way as | HSK 6 |
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| | morning and evening / (in reference to sth that is bound to happen) sooner or later; one of these days / (coll.) (this, or that) point of time / (dialect) at some time in the future | HSK 6 |
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| | in other words / that is to say | HSK 6 |
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| | to be occupied with sth / to have sth on one's mind / there is something the matter | HSK 6 |
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| | (before a noun) Do (you, they etc) have ...? / Is there a ...? / (before a verb) Did (you, they etc) (verb, infinitive)? / Have (you, they etc) (verb, past participle)? | HSK 6 |
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| | modal particle indicating that sth is obvious / particle indicating a pause for emphasis | HSK 6 |
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| | in other words; that is | HSK 6 |
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| | namely / that is / i.e. / prompt / at once / at present / even if / prompted (by the occasion) / to approach / to come into contact / to assume (office) / to draw near | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (indicating that sth turns out just the opposite of what one would wish) unfortunately; as it happened / (indicating that sth is the opposite of what would be normal or reasonable) stubbornly; contrarily; against reason / (indicating that sb or a group is singled out) precisely; only; of all people | HSK 7-9 |
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| | live (e.g. broadcast or recording) / what is actually happening / scene / the real situation | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to regret / to feel that it is a great pity / to feel sorry for sb | HSK 7-9 |
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| | lit. say three in the morning but four in the evening (idiom); to change sth that is already settled upon / indecisive / to blow hot and cold | HSK 7-9 |
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| | used in 彷彿｜仿佛 / (Note: While 仿 is not officially designated as the simplified form of 彷, it serves as the de facto simplification when 彷 is pronounced fǎng.) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to match / is comparable with | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to peel / to skin / to tear / to pull down / to cling to (sth on which one is climbing) / to dig | HSK 7-9 |
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| | wife of father's elder brother / aunt / (polite form of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother) / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (in) the original place / the place where one currently is / place of origin / local (product) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | unity of will is an impregnable stronghold (idiom) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | bottom line; the limit of what one is prepared to accept / (sports) baseline / (sewing) under thread / spy; informer; plant | HSK 7-9 |
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| | there is no need / why should | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to do what one is told / obedient | HSK 7-9 |
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| | in the end / after all is said and done | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to celebrate a festival / after the celebrations (i.e. once the festival is over) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to be excessive; to be more than is required | HSK 7-9 |
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| | orangutan / (slang) dialect speaker whose speech is corrupted by Standard Mandarin | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to say everything (that is on one's mind) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (to express one's) true feelings / what is on one's mind / secret mind | HSK 7-9 |
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| | as an incidental action while doing sth else; while one is at it; in passing / smooth; easy; without difficulty | HSK 7-9 |
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| | why bother? / is it worth the trouble? | HSK 7-9 |
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| | ornament / decorative item / (fig.) sth that is merely for show | HSK 7-9 |
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| | everything is fine except for one small defect (idiom); the fly in the ointment | HSK 7-9 |
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| | according to reports / it is reported (that) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (idiom) to like sth so much that one is reluctant to put it down; to find sth utterly irresistible | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to grow beyond the naivete of childhood; to be aware of what is going on in the world / (esp. of a child) sensible; thoughtful; intelligent | HSK 7-9 |
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| | one's affiliation (i.e. the organization one is affiliated with) / subordinate (i.e. those subordinate to oneself) / belonging to / affiliated / under one's command | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (after a noun N and before a predicate P) the reason why N P / Example: 我之所以討厭他｜我之所以讨厌他 "the reason why I dislike him (is ...)" | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to subdue / to check / to bring under control / (in former times) what one is allowed to wear depending on social status / uniform (army, party, school etc) / livery (for company employees) / CL: 套 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | in other words / that is to say / so / thus | HSK 7-9 |
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| | there is no harm in; might as well | HSK 7-9 |
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| | it is reasonable to say that... | HSK 7-9 |
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| | none lacking / none missing / everything is there / everyone without exception | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to tell the truth / to tell it as it is | HSK 7-9 |
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| | only / just (i.e. it is only that...) / all except / unique | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to like to look good in the eyes of others; sensitive about how one is regarded by others; proud | HSK 7-9 |
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| | everything that should be here is here (idiom); all one can think of is on hand / to have all one needs | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to make sth of oneself / to become a person who is worthy of respect | HSK 7-9 |
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| | what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... / (derog.) so-called | HSK 7-9 |
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| | lit. only one end of the barber's pole is hot (idiom) / fig. one-sided enthusiasm / one party is interested, but the other, not so much / (Note: In former days, street barbers carried their equipment on a pole, with tools and a stool at one end and a brazier at the other.) | |
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| | lit. for a nobleman to take revenge, ten years is not too long (idiom) / fig. revenge is a dish best served cold | |
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| | to have the nerve / what a cheek! / to feel no shame / to overcome the shame / (is it) proper? (rhetorical question) | |
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| | good medicine tastes bitter (idiom); fig. frank criticism is hard to swallow | |
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| | to do whatever is expedient | |
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| | Duke of Zhou (11th c. BC), son of King Wen of Zhou 周文王, played an important role as regent in founding the Western Zhou 西周, and is also known as the "God of Dreams" | |
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| | Ah Q, antihero of Lu Xun's influential 1921 novella "The True Story of Ah Q" 阿Q 正傳｜阿Q 正传 ("Q" here is typically pronounced as [kiu1] or [qiu1]) | |
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| | unmentionable disease / a disease one is ashamed of | |
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| | there is no such thing as a free lunch (idiom) | |
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| | paper matrix in which type is set | |
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| | lit. easy to dodge the spear in the open, hard to avoid a stab in the dark (idiom); it is hard to guard against secret conspiracies | |
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| | (slang) to cheer sb on / to show one's support / ("call" is pronounced approximately like English "call") | |
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| | balut (boiled duck egg with a partly-developed embryo, which is eaten from the shell) | |
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| | private loan association where money is allocated through bidding / meeting of such an association / to win the bidding at such a meeting | |
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| | sentence-final particle that conveys informality, warmth, friendliness or intimacy / may also indicate that one is stating a fact that the other person is not aware of | |
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| | Xu Zhonglin or Chen Zhonglin 陳仲琳｜陈仲琳 (c. 1567-c. 1620), Ming novelist, to whom the fantasy novel Investiture of the Gods 封神演義｜封神演义 is attributed, together with Lu Xixing 陸西星｜陆西星 | |
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| | food is more precious than jade and firewood more expensive than cassia (idiom) / the cost of living is very high | |
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