| | to have; there is / (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 intentional) | HSK 1 |
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| | you (Note: In Taiwan, 妳 is used to address females, but in mainland China, it is not commonly used. Instead, 你 is used to address both males and females.) | HSK 1 |
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| | he; him (used for either sex when the sex is unknown or unimportant) / (used before sb's name for emphasis) / (used as a meaningless mock object) / (literary) other | HSK 1 |
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| | particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?") / particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?") / particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?") / (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action / particle indicating strong affirmation | HSK 1 |
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| | there still remain(s); there is (or are) still / in addition | HSK 1 |
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| | is or isn't / yes or no / whether or not | HSK 1 |
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| | to add / plus / (used after an adverb such as 不, 大, 稍 etc, and before a disyllabic verb, to indicate that the action of the verb is applied to sth or sb previously mentioned) / to apply (restrictions etc) to (sb) / to give (support, consideration etc) to (sth) | HSK 2 |
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| | parts of the country other than where one is | HSK 2 |
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| | is precisely | HSK 2 |
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| | that level or higher / that amount or more / the above-mentioned / (used to indicate that one has completed one's remarks) That is all. | HSK 2 |
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| | to think (i.e. to take it to be true that ...) (Usually there is an implication that the notion is mistaken – except when expressing one's own current opinion.) | HSK 2 |
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| | new word (in textbook) / word that is unfamiliar or not yet studied / CL: 組｜组, 個｜个 | HSK 2 |
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| | to wait until / by the time when (sth is ready etc) | HSK 2 |
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| | to speak / to explain / to negotiate / to emphasize / to be particular about / as far as sth is concerned / speech / lecture | HSK 2 |
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| | someone / people / anyone / there is someone there / occupied (as in restroom) | HSK 2 |
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| | to follow / from / because of; due to / by; via; through / (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ... | HSK 3 |
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| | quilt / to cover (with) / (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) / used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊｜被旅游 to "go on a trip") | HSK 3 |
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| | (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... / (after a noun) person involved in ... / -er / -ist / (used after a number or 後｜后 or 前 to refer to sth mentioned previously) / (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) / (old) (used at the end of a command) / (old) this | HSK 3 |
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| | only have ... / there is only ... / (used in combination with 才) it is only if one ... (that one can ...) (Example: 只有通過治療才能痊愈｜只有通过治疗才能痊愈 "the only way to cure it is with therapy") / it is only ... (who ...) (Example: 只有男性才有此需要 "only men would have such a requirement") / (used to indicate that one has no alternative) one can only (do a certain thing) (Example: 只有屈服 "the only thing you can do is give in") | HSK 3 |
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| | finally / in the end / when all is said and done / after all / to the end / to the last | HSK 3 |
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| | it is said that; reportedly | HSK 3 |
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| | to go to the bottom of a matter / after all / when all is said and done / (in an interrogative sentence) finally / outcome / result | HSK 4 |
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| | identity / aspect of one's identity (i.e. sth that one is – mayor, father, permanent resident etc) / role / capacity (as in "in his capacity as a ..." 以… 的身份) / status (social, legal etc) / position / rank | HSK 4 |
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| | regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to | HSK 4 |
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| | it can clearly be seen (that this is the case) / it is (thus) clear / clear / visible | HSK 4 |
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| | interest (desire to know about sth) / interest (thing in which one is interested); hobby / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 4 |
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| | whether (or not) / if / is or isn't | HSK 4 |
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| | to give one's respects / to send a greeting / (fig.) (coll.) to make offensive reference to (somebody dear to the person to whom one is speaking) | HSK 4 |
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| | in hand / (a situation is) in sb's hands | HSK 4 |
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| | place / location / (after a noun) place where it is located | HSK 5 |
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| | after all / all in all / when all is said and done / in the final analysis | HSK 5 |
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| | to maintain (that sth is true) / to determine (a fact) / determination (of an amount) / of the firm opinion / to believe firmly / to set one's mind on / to identify with | HSK 5 |
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| | in addition / moreover / (used before a disyllabic verb to indicate that the action of the verb is applied to sth or sb previously mentioned) / to apply (restrictions etc) to (sb) / to give (support, consideration etc) to (sth) | HSK 5 |
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| | it is a pity / what a pity / unfortunately | HSK 5 |
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| | modal particle indicating that sth is obvious / particle indicating a pause for emphasis | HSK 6 |
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| | (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) / precisely / exactly / even / if / just like / in the same way as | HSK 6 |
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| | whether or not / can it or can't it / is it possible? | HSK 6 |
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| | to meet with (sb who is paying a visit) / CL: 次 | HSK 6 |
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| | morning and evening / (in reference to sth that is bound to happen) sooner or later; one of these days / (coll.) (this, or that) point of time / (dialect) at some time in the future | HSK 6 |
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| | in other words / that is to say | HSK 6 |
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| | nevertheless / actually / the fact is ... | HSK 6 |
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| | to be occupied with sth / to have sth on one's mind / there is something the matter | HSK 6 |
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| | (before a noun) Do (you, they etc) have ...? / Is there a ...? / (before a verb) Did (you, they etc) (verb, infinitive)? / Have (you, they etc) (verb, past participle)? | HSK 6 |
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| | in other words; that is | HSK 6 |
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| | to subdue / to check / to bring under control / (in former times) what one is allowed to wear depending on social status / uniform (army, party, school etc) / livery (for company employees) / CL: 套 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | there is no need / why should | HSK 7-9 |
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| | namely / that is / i.e. / prompt / at once / at present / even if / prompted (by the occasion) / to approach / to come into contact / to assume (office) / to draw near | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (indicating that sth turns out just the opposite of what one would wish) unfortunately; as it happened / (indicating that sth is the opposite of what would be normal or reasonable) stubbornly; contrarily; against reason / (indicating that sb or a group is singled out) precisely; only; of all people | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to peel / to skin / to tear / to pull down / to cling to (sth on which one is climbing) / to dig | HSK 7-9 |
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| | ornament / decorative item / (fig.) sth that is merely for show | HSK 7-9 |
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| | so-called / what is called | HSK 7-9 |
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| | live (e.g. broadcast or recording) / what is actually happening / scene / the real situation | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (to express one's) true feelings / what is on one's mind / secret mind | HSK 7-9 |
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| | one's affiliation (i.e. the organization one is affiliated with) / subordinate (i.e. those subordinate to oneself) / belonging to / affiliated / under one's command | HSK 7-9 |
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| | bottom line; the limit of what one is prepared to accept / (sports) baseline / (sewing) under thread / spy; informer; plant | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to do what one is told / obedient | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (in) the original place / the place where one currently is / place of origin / local (product) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | everything is fine except for one small defect (idiom); the fly in the ointment | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to see what is right and act courageously (idiom, from Analects); to stand up bravely for the truth / acting heroically in a just cause | HSK 7-9 |
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| | in the end / after all is said and done | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to celebrate a festival / after the celebrations (i.e. once the festival is over) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | less capable than desirable (idiom); not as strong as one would wish / the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to match / is comparable with | HSK 7-9 |
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| | only / just (i.e. it is only that...) / all except / unique | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to make sth of oneself / to become a person who is worthy of respect | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to say everything (that is on one's mind) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | unity of will is an impregnable stronghold (idiom) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | wife of father's elder brother / aunt / (polite form of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother) / CL: 個｜个 | HSK 7-9 |
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| | everything that should be here is here (idiom); all one can think of is on hand / to have all one needs | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to regret / to feel that it is a great pity / to feel sorry for sb | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (after a noun N and before a predicate P) the reason why N P / Example: 我之所以討厭他｜我之所以讨厌他 "the reason why I dislike him (is ...)" | HSK 7-9 |
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| | according to reports / it is reported (that) | HSK 7-9 |
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| | (idiom) to like sth so much that one is reluctant to put it down; to find sth utterly irresistible | HSK 7-9 |
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| | why bother? / is it worth the trouble? | HSK 7-9 |
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| | it is obvious that... / as one can well imagine... | HSK 7-9 |
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| | orangutan / (slang) dialect speaker whose speech is corrupted by Standard Mandarin | HSK 7-9 |
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| | lit. say three in the morning but four in the evening (idiom); to change sth that is already settled upon / indecisive / to blow hot and cold | HSK 7-9 |
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| | easily / without trouble / while one is at it / in passing / handy | HSK 7-9 |
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| | there is no harm in; might as well | HSK 7-9 |
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| | it is reasonable to say that... | HSK 7-9 |
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| | that's just the way it is / exactly! | HSK 7-9 |
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| | in other words / that is to say / so / thus | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to tell the truth / to tell it as it is | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to like to look good in the eyes of others; sensitive about how one is regarded by others; proud | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to grow beyond the naivete of childhood; to be aware of what is going on in the world / (esp. of a child) sensible; thoughtful; intelligent | HSK 7-9 |
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| | none lacking / none missing / everything is there / everyone without exception | HSK 7-9 |
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| | to be excessive; to be more than is required | HSK 7-9 |
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| | each other / one another / mutually / fret on the neck of a pipa 琵琶 (a fret on the soundboard is called a 品) | |
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| | surname Shao / name of an ancient state that existed in what is now Shaanxi Province | |
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| | (posing a question: whether sb, something) can or cannot? / is able to or not | |
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| | Duke of Zhou (11th c. BC), son of King Wen of Zhou 周文王, played an important role as regent in founding the Western Zhou 西周, and is also known as the "God of Dreams" | |
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| | (slang) to cheer sb on / to show one's support / ("call" is pronounced approximately like English "call") | |
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| | to be revealed / to come out (of the truth) / chalk (for whitening walls) / (old) wine cup / (neologism c. 2021) healthcare worker or volunteer in full-body PPE (esp. during the COVID-19 pandemic) (from the 2014 Disney version of the Marvel Comics character Baymax, whose Chinese name is 大白) | |
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| | texture of timber / quality of material / material (that sth is made of) | |
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| | do not / there is none who | |
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| | sentence-final particle that conveys informality, warmth, friendliness or intimacy / may also indicate that one is stating a fact that the other person is not aware of | |
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| | what one is good at | |
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| | to split the bill (where the male counterpart foots the larger portion of the sum) / (theater) a system where two actors take turns in acting the main role, with one actor replacing the other if either is unavailable | |
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| | it goes without saying; it is self-evident | |
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| | (typically preceded by 就…[jiu4 xx5] or 對…｜ 对…[dui4 xx5] etc) as far as ... is concerned; speaking in terms of ... | |
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