| | of; ~'s (possessive particle) / (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) / (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) / (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的 "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 "new one") / also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs | HSK 1 |
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| | to have; there is / (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 intentional) | HSK 1 |
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| | you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您) | HSK 1 |
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| | to divide; to separate / to distribute; to allocate / to distinguish (good and bad) / (bound form) branch of (an organization); sub- (as in 分局) / fraction / one tenth (of certain units) / unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm / minute (unit of time) / minute (angular measurement unit) / a point (in sports or games) / 0.01 yuan (unit of money) | HSK 1 |
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|
| | to see; to look at / to read / to watch / to visit; to call on / to consider; to regard as / to look after / to treat (a patient or illness) / to depend on / to feel (that) / (after a verb) to give it a try / to watch out for | HSK 1 |
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| | to help / to assist / to support / for sb (i.e. as a help) / hired (as worker) / side (of pail, boat etc) / outer layer / upper (of a shoe) / group / gang / clique / party / secret society | HSK 1 |
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| | one / single / a (article) / as soon as / entire; whole; all; throughout / "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) / also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit | HSK 1 |
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| | (prefix indicating ordinal number, as in 第六 "sixth") / (literary) grades in which successful candidates in the imperial examinations were placed / (old) residence of a high official / (literary) but; however / (literary) only; just | HSK 1 |
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| | to walk / to go / to run / to move (of vehicle) / to visit / to leave / to go away / to die (euph.) / from / through / away (in compound verbs, such as 撤走) / to change (shape, form, meaning) | HSK 1 |
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| | also; too; as well; (not ...) either / (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X) / (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊 | HSK 1 |
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| | you (courteous, as opposed to informal 你) | HSK 1 |
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| | big; large; great / older (than another person) / eldest (as in 大姐) / greatly; freely; fully / (dialect) father / (dialect) uncle (father's brother) | HSK 1 |
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| | still (as before) / had better / unexpectedly / or | HSK 1 |
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| | still / still in progress / still more / yet / even more / in addition / fairly / passably (good) / as early as / even / also / else | HSK 1 |
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| | to make; to produce / to write; to compose / to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) / (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) / (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for / to assume (an air or manner) | HSK 1 |
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| | (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his / (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 and 他人) | HSK 1 |
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| | to come / (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) / hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來|回来) / ever since (as in 自古以來|自古以来) / for the past (amount of time) / (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世|来世) / (between two verbs) in order to / (after a round number) approximately / (used after 得 to indicate possibility, as in 談得來|谈得来, or after 不 to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來|吃不来) | HSK 1 |
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| | (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then / (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after / (same as 就是) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly / only; as little as / as much as; as many as / to approach; to move towards / to undertake; to engage in / (often followed by 著|着) taking advantage of / (of food) to go with / with regard to; concerning / (pattern: 就 ... 也 ...) even if ... still ... / (pattern: 不 ... 就 ...) if not ... then must be ... | HSK 1 |
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| | to want; to need; to ask for / will; shall; about to / need to; should / if (same as 要是) / (bound form) important | HSK 1 |
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| | again; once more; re- / further; beyond this point of time / (before an adjective) more / then (after sth, and not until then) / no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 or 都 for emphasis) / (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則|再则, 再就是 etc) / (literary) to reappear; to reoccur | HSK 1 |
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| | same / like / equal to / the same as / just like | HSK 1 |
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| | noun suffix, as in 椅子 "chair" | HSK 1 |
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| | home / family / (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) / classifier for families or businesses / refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China / noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian / CL: 個|个 | HSK 1 |
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| | very; quite / (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) | HSK 1 |
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| | to wait for; to await / by the time; when; till / and so on; etc.; et al. / (bound form) class; rank; grade / (bound form) equal to; same as / (used to end an enumeration) / (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun) | HSK 1 |
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| | a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘|打伞 "to hold an umbrella", 打電話|打电话 "to make a phone call", 打針|打针 "to get an injection", 打手套 "to knit gloves", 打氣|打气 "to inflate") / to hit; to strike / to fight / (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後|打那以后 "since then") | HSK 1 |
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| | to hold / to seize / to catch / to apprehend / to take / (used in the same way as 把: to mark the following noun as a direct object) | HSK 1 |
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| | to send; to deliver; to transmit / to give (as a present) / to see (sb) off / to accompany; to go along with | HSK 1 |
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| | to leave; to part (from) / (literary) to differentiate; to distinguish / (dialect) to turn away; to turn aside; to avert (one's face, gaze etc) / (bound form) other; another; different / don't ...! / to fasten with a pin or clip / to stick in; to insert (in order to hinder movement) / (noun suffix) category (as in 性別|性别, 派別|派别) | HSK 1 |
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| | (bound form) right; right-hand side / (bound form) (politics) right of center / (bound form) (old) west / (literary) the right side as the side of precedence | HSK 1 |
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| | to be at home / (at a workplace) to be in (as opposed to being away on official business 出差) / (Buddhism etc) to remain a layman (as opposed to becoming a monk or a nun 出家) | HSK 1 |
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| | to count / to count as; to regard as / to enumerate; to list | HSK 2 |
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| | structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc | HSK 2 |
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| | face / side / surface / aspect / top / classifier for objects with flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc | HSK 2 |
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| | outcome; result; consequence / in the end; as a result / to kill; to dispatch | HSK 2 |
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| | unit (of measure) / unit (group of people as a whole) / work unit (place of employment, esp. in the PRC prior to economic reform) / CL: 個|个 | HSK 2 |
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| | original; former / originally; formerly; at first / so, actually, as it turns out | HSK 2 |
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| | camera (abbr. for 照相機|照相机) / at the opportune moment / as the circumstances allow | HSK 2 |
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| | for example; for instance; such as | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to be / to act as / manage / withstand / when / during / ought / should / match equally / equal / same / obstruct / just at (a time or place) / on the spot / right / just at | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to add / (math.) plus / to increase; to augment / (used before a disyllabic verb, often after an adverb like 不, 大, 稍 etc, to indicate that the action applies to sth previously mentioned, as in 稍加改良 "make some minor improvements to (it)") | HSK 2 |
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| | to regard as / to figure / to calculate / to compute | HSK 2 |
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| | to take care of (a matter); to deal with (a task, procedure etc); to organize (an event) / to establish; to set up; to manage; to run (an enterprise) / (law) to handle; to investigate; to prosecute (a case or suspect) / (bound form) office (as in 招辦|招办, admissions office) (abbr. for 辦公室|办公室) | HSK 2 |
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| | as if / to seem like | HSK 2 |
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| | to resemble / to be like / to look as if / such as / appearance / image / portrait / image under a mapping (math.) | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to act on; to affect / action; function; activity / impact; result; effect / purpose; intent / (suffix) -ation, -tion etc, as in 抑制作用, inhibition | HSK 2 |
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|
| | therefore / as a result / so / the reason why | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to speak / to explain / to negotiate / to emphasize / to be particular about / as far as sth is concerned / speech / lecture | HSK 2 |
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|
| | road; path (CL: 條|条, 股) / (bound form) way; reason; principle / (bound form) a skill; an art; a specialization / (Daoism) the Way; the Dao / to say (introducing a direct quotation, as in a novel) / (bound form) to express; to extend (polite words) / classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process / (old) circuit (administrative division) | HSK 2 |
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| | for example; for instance; such as | HSK 2 |
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|
| | seat / base; stand / (bound form) constellation / (archaic) suffix used in a respectful form of address (e.g. 師座|师座) / classifier for large immovable objects such as buildings, mountains, bridges etc | HSK 2 |
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|
| | as one wishes / as one pleases / at random / negligent / casual / wanton | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to believe; to be convinced; to accept as true | HSK 2 |
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| | to send / to give as a present | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to raise a hand / to put up one's hand (as signal) | HSK 2 |
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| | someone / people / anyone / there is someone there / occupied (as in restroom) | HSK 2 |
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|
| | idea / opinion / meaning / wish / desire / interest / fun / token of appreciation, affection etc / CL: 個|个 / to give as a small token / to do sth as a gesture of goodwill etc | HSK 2 |
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|
| | not equal to; not as good as; inferior to / it would be better to | HSK 2 |
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|
| | so long as; provided; if | HSK 2 |
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|
| | to finish / (used with 得 or 不 after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了 "cannot forget") / (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无 or 不) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least / to understand clearly (variant of 瞭|了) | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | to be classified as / to belong to / to be part of | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | according to / in accordance with / to shine / to illuminate / to reflect / to look at (one's reflection) / to take (a photo) / photo / as requested / as before | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | really / sure enough / as expected / if indeed | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | thus; consequently; as a result | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | as (in the capacity of) / to take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do / by (in the passive voice) | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | only natural / as it should be / certainly / of course / without doubt | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | to support / to sustain / to erect / to raise / branch / division / to draw money / classifier for rods such as pens and guns, for army divisions and for songs or compositions | HSK 3 |
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|
| | whole entity / entire body / synthesis / as a whole (situation, construction, team etc) / global / macrocosm / integral / holistic / whole | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | only have ...; there is only ... / (used in combination with 才) it is only if ... (that one can ...) (as in 只有通過治療才能痊愈|只有通过治疗才能痊愈 "the only way to cure it is with therapy") / it is only (someone) who ... (as in 只有男性才有此需要 "only men would have such a requirement") / (used to express lack of alternatives) can only; have no choice but to (as in 只有屈服 "the only thing you can do is give in") | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | life (as the characteristic of living beings) / living being; creature (CL: 個|个, 條|条) | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | due to / as a result of / thanks to / owing to / since / because | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | apart from; besides; in addition to (used to exclude, as in 除了他, 誰也沒來|除了他, 谁也没来 "apart from him, nobody came", or to include, as in 除了英語, 他也會法語|除了英语, 他也会法语 "in addition to English, he also knows French") / (used to introduce one of two habitual alternatives in the pattern 除了 + A + 就是 + B, "either A or B") | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | quilt / to cover (with) / (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) / used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊|被旅游 to "go on a trip") | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | still; as before; yet | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | a (large) bell (CL: 架) / clock (CL: 座) / amount of time; o'clock (CL: 點|点, 分, 秒) (as in 三點鐘|三点钟 "three o'clock" or "three hours" or 五分鐘|五分钟 "five minutes" etc) | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | as much as possible / to the greatest extent | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | collective (decision) / joint (effort) / a group / a team / en masse / as a group | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | opportunely / coincidentally / as it happens / skillful / timely | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | in fact / in reality / actually / as a matter of fact / de facto / ipso facto | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | in fact / in reality / as a matter of fact / in practice | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | local / regional / district (not necessarily formal administrative unit) / region / area / as suffix to city name, means prefecture or county (area administered by a prefecture-level city or, county-level city) / CL: 個|个 | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | seemingly; apparently; looks as if; appears to be; gives the impression that; seems on the face of it to be | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | not just; not limited to / (as a correlative conjunction) not only (..., but also ...) | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | to assign / to appoint / to take up a post / office / responsibility / to let / to allow / to give free rein to / no matter (how, what etc) / classifier for terms served in office, or for spouses, girlfriends etc (as in 前任男友) | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | to be called; to be known as; to call it "..." | HSK 3 |
|
|
| | eldest brother / big brother (polite address for a man of about the same age as oneself) / gang leader; boss | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | natural resource (such as water or minerals) / resource (such as manpower or tourism) | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | and; as well as | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | to act as intermediary / to link / intermediate / inter- / agency / agent | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | prize; award; bonus; reward / (bound form) to encourage; to commend; to praise / to award; to give as a reward | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | to hold a governmental office or post / to assume office of / to take charge of / to serve as | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | the waist and lower back / (bound form) kidney of an animal (as food) / the waist of trousers or a skirt / (metonym) money pouch; pocket / (bound form) the middle section of an upright object (mountain, bottle etc) | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | and / as well as / and so / but (not) / yet (not) / (indicates causal relation) / (indicates change of state) / (indicates contrast) | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | to entrust; to place in sb's care / (bound form) to depend on; to attach oneself to; to reside temporarily / (bound form) foster (as in 寄女 foster daughter) / to send by post; to mail | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | still; as before | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | (bound form) calm; peaceful / to calm; to set at ease / safe; secure; in good health / content; satisfied (as in 安於|安于) / to place (sb) in a suitable position (job) / to install; to fix; to fit / to bring (a charge against sb) / to harbor (certain intentions) / ampere (abbr. for 安培) | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | bottom; base / background; foundation / copy (of a manuscript or receipt etc) kept as a record / (suffix) end of a year or month / (math.) radix; base (abbr. for 底數|底数) | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | one's conduct / deed / activity / accomplishment / achievement / to act as / as (in the capacity of) / qua / to view as / to look upon (sth as) / to take sth to be | HSK 4 |
|
|
| | identity; aspect of one's identity (e.g. mayor, father, permanent resident); role; capacity (as in "in his capacity as ..." 以 + ... + 的身份); status (social, legal etc); position; rank | HSK 4 |
|